Li Shutong (1880-1942)
Whose courtesy name is Wentao, also known as Xishuang, with religious name of Hongyi, was born in Tianjin. Pinghu was his ancestral homeland. His father was both a Jinshi (successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations) and a merchant dealing in salt. Li was accomplished in writing poems and ci, (a Chinese poetic genre very popular in Song Dynasty), painting, calligraphy and seal cutting. He also made quite deep research into inscriptions on drum-shaped stone blocks of the Warring States Period (475―221 B.C.). In the 24 the year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898), Li moved to Shanghai with his mother. With his name changed to Chengxi, he established Chengnan Society together with Yuan Xilian and Xu Huanyuan who were members of new academic circle of the time when he was a student in Nanyang School. In March of the year 27, he initiated Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Society with Huang Yangzong, who was a Buddhism monk, and Ren Buonian, a painter. The same year saw the publishing of his two masterpieces, Li’s House Seal Summarization and Li’s House Poet Collection. In fall of the year 28, he went to Hangzhou to take the imperial exam at the provincial level but failed. He then continued his study at Nanyang School and graduated in the year 30. That year he organized Shanghai Academic Commune with other people including Mu Nuzhai. In fall of the year 31, he went to Japan to continue his education majoring in painting and music. In the year 32, he joined the Tongmeng Party, the predecessor of Kuomintang, and initiated Spring Willow Society with Zeng Xiaogu and other people under the guidance of Asaji Fujisawa, a famous Japanese dramatist. The next spring, he organized the staging of two plays, namely, La Dame Aux Camellias and Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and played as Margarita, the heroine in the former play.
Li returned to China in the 2 year during the reign of Emperor Xuantong in Qing Dynasty(1910). After a short time of working as a painting teacher for Tianjin Model Industry Technology Academy, he left Tianjin for Shanghai and worked there as a music teacher for Chengdong Girl’s School. In the next spring, he joined South Society. In spring of the first year of the Republic of China, he was successively employed to be the editor by Pacific Newspaper and Literature and Art Journal. His talent for Chinese painting and music brought him the chance to teach at Zhejiang Liangji Normal School and later at Nanjing Normal University, which took a period of 7 years. During this period, he wrote songs including Spring Outing and Early Autumn and composed poems for the tunes of foreign songs which were then used by him as teaching materials. All these efforts not only contributed to the founding of China’s early artistic education, but also cultivated a large number of talents in fields of painting and music, including Feng Zikai, a renowned painter, and Liu Zhiping, a musician.
In August of the 7th year of the Republic of China, Li Shutong became a Buddhist monk at Hupao Temple of Hangzhou, with the religious name as Yanyin, also named as Hongyi. After the breakout of Lugou Bridge Incident, he lived from temple to temple around provinces such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian. He was both an enthusiast in carrying forward Buddhism and a patriot, living an austere life and having no association with dignitaries. He passed away on Oct. 13, 1942 at Bu-er Temple in Quanzhou, Fujian and left behind several important posthumous works. He was highly honored by Buddhism followers as the Master of the Eleventh Generation in revitalizing Buddhist Scripture and enjoyed prestigious fame both at home and abroad.
Lu Weizhao(1899-1980)
Whose original name was Ziping, courtesy name Weizhao and later known as Shaoweng, is a native of Xinchang, Pinghu City. He was taught by his grandfather at early age to learn painting and calligraphy. In the year 9 of the Republic of China (1920), he passed the entrance exam and became a student of Literature and History Department of Nanjing Normal University. In the year 14 of the Republic of China, he was employed to be an assistant by Chinese Learning Institute of Qinghua University.
He worked as a teacher in succession for Songjiang High School, Shanghai St. John University, Zhejiang University and Hangzhou University. At his spare time, he made research into China’s classical literature and was very knowledgeable about literature of Han Dynasty, Wei Dynasty and Six Dynasties and ci of Qing Dynasty in particular. He imitated authentic works of famous calligraphers through the ages. With great attainments in Chinese calligraphy styles like Jiagu (inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty that is 16th―11th century B.C.), Jinwen (inscriptions on ancient bronze objects), Li (official script, an ancient style of calligraphy current in the Han Dynasty), Zhuan (seal character), Xing (cursive script) and Cao (calligraphy executed with strokes flowing together), he was able to create a new Lizhuan style which has features of both Li and Zhuan. The school of his own won him great acclamation home and aboard. His fame came from his ink-solash landscape paintings added by preface of poems and postscript written in his distinctive style that embodied a perfect combination of clearness and turbidity. In 1960 he shifted to Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts to teach Chinese classical literature. In 1962,Pan Tianshou, the president, entrusted him with the work of managing the preparations for the establishment of Seal-cutting major that was totally fresh in China at that time. The work was interrupted during Cultural Revolution. In 1979, Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts began recruiting postgraduates of calligraphy and seal cutting major and Lu Weizhao was appointed to be the head of guiding group. He attached great importance to teaching and cultivating students and often told them that they should give priority to moral quality since calligraphy was a reflection of one’s own innermost being. On Jan. 30, 1980, he passed away at the age of 82.
During his lifetime, Lu Weizhao was a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference of Zhejiang Province as well as a director of Zhejiang Provincial Artists Association. In his early years, he helped Ye Gongzhuo edit the book Ci Anthology of Qing Dynasty. His other works include Collection of Lu Weizhao’s Calligraphy Works and Lu Weizhao’s Poems and Articles.
Zou Yuanxi(1915-1987)
Born in Pinghu, Zhejiang, was an expert in metallurgy and materials science. He got his Bachelor of Science at Chemical Engineering Department, Zhejiang University in 1937 and Doctor’s degree of Metallurgy Science at Carnige College of Science and Engineering, Pittsburgh, US in 1947 and came back to China in June at the same year. He first worked for Nanjing Resources Committee and then as professor for Chemical Engineering Department of Zhejiang University. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, he worked for Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy under China Academy of Sciences (CAS) and took various positions including research fellow, vice superintendent, superintendent and honorary superintendent. He successively became member of Subject Appraisal Team of Evaluation Committee of Academic Degree under the State Council of China, member of Materials Science Subject Team of Science Committee of China, managing director of China Metal Science Society, director of China Electronics Science Society, director of China Chemical Science Society, vice director-general of Shanghai Municipal Metal Science Society. In 1980 he was elected to be academician of CAS.
Zou Yuanxi engaged himself to the research in fields of chemical metallurgy and semiconductor materials over his lifetime. As early as in 1953 he cooperated with Zhou Ren to make research on the relationship between function of fluorine and smelting procedure in the process of using blast furnace to smell iron ore in Baotou City. Their findings solved the difficult problem of using blast furnace to smell fluorine-contained iron ore, thus made possible the comprehensive development of Baotou Iron and Steel Company. In 1957 when he took the task to make experiments on smelling iron ore for Panzhihua Project, he adopted new technology in using blast furnace to smell iron ore containing vanadium and titanium, which was the first try around the world, and created the new technique of blast tuyere jetting. In early 1960s, he devoted himself to research on semiconductor materials and related high-purity metals and their physical chemical characteristics. Shouldering the responsibility of leadership, he, together with his teams, developed several high-purity chemical materials including gallium, phosphor and arsenic that put a good foundation for research on high-purity metals and production of them in China. After this, he adopted physical chemistry method in his research, upgraded the quality of gallium arsenide material and came up with a new theory that pointed out the structural defect of gallium arsenide.
Zou Jing (female)
An expert on light-sensitive materials, was born on Feb. 9, 1936 in Shanghai with Pinghu as her original family home. In 1960 she graduated from Leningrad Film Engineering College of former Soviet Union bearing a Technical Engineer title and was elected to be academician of China Academy of Engineering in 1994. Now she is the senior engineer (equal to professor in academic title ) working for China Lucky Film Company, the largest local film-manufacturer company in China.
Zou Jing devotes herself over a long time to research on the manufacturing technology and new products of military film, color negative for movie industry and color film. In 1960s she successfully developed 850 infrared film of BH-1 type, 750 infrared film for aerial photography of BHH-1 type and 6575 full color infrared film for aerial photography of BQHH-1 type that were urgently needed by military industry at that time and bridged the gap for China. Since 1970s she successively took charge of the development of 3 generations of Lucky color film with ISO100 light sensitivity, which not only gave birth to China’s homemade film but also improved the quality of Chinese film to the international standards of the end of 1980s, thus realized remarkable economical and social benefits.
As time entered 1990s, she took charge of a state key technological development project for China''s eighth five-year plan assigned by National Economic and Trade Committee, which is the Project of Technological Development of ISO100 High-definition Color Film. The result led to the successful development of GBR100 high-definition color film. Now she is in charge of the development of next-generation Lucky film series of ISO200 and ISO400. She has won several prizes at national as well as provincial level, among which second-class prize of Science and Technological Progress was awarded by the Ministry of Chemical Industry for the development of 5212 color negative in 1986, the first-class prize of China’s National Science and Technological Progress for Lucky 100 Sunlight Color Film(Ⅱ) in 1988, and the second-class prize of National Science and Technological Progress for Lucky BR100 sunlight color film in 1992.
Jiang Wenhan
Born in Pinghu, Zhejiang in May 9, 1936, was an expert on optics. After graduation from Mechanical Technology Department, Harbin Industrial University, he successively worked as trainee researcher for Changchun Institute of Machinery under CAS, trainee researcher and assistant research fellow for Changchun Institute of Precision Optical Machinery under CAS, trainee researcher, associate research fellow, research fellow for Institute of Photo electricity Technology (IPT), CAS. Now he is director of Adaptive Optics Laboratory of IPT and deputy director of Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics supported by China’s 863 plan. In 1995 he was elected academician of China Academy of Engineering.
At his early age, Jiang Wenhan engaged his researched in large-scale optical survey equipments and made creative contribution to fields like theory and technology of precision shafting, fixed optical survey system, etc. In 1979, he became the first scientist in China who began to do research on the field of adaptive optics. In the following years, he established a whole set of fundamental technology and successfully developed more than one system of international standards, which contributed a lot to the fields of adaptive optics and beam control. Among his research findings, 19 Unit Wavefront Rectification System of Shenguang High-Duty Laser Device was the first of its kind put into practical use internationally, 21 Unit Adaptive Optical System made China the third nation in the world that realized real-time rectified image formation of celestial body, 2.16-Meter Telescope Infrared Adaptive Optical Observation System developed cooperatively with Beijing Astronomical Observatory brought China adaptive optical observation system of practical near infrared band that is rare in the world, and 37-Unit and 61-Unit adaptive optical systems have separately realized compensation for level and oblique atmosphere turbulence, which placed China in the leading position in the world in the field of adaptive optics research.
Qian Shaojun
A nuclear-physics scientist, was born in Pinghu, Zhejiang on October 22,1934. In 1956 he graduated from Technological Physics Department, Beijing University and was assigned to teach at Beijing University the same year. From 1962 to 1965 he was engaged in research on high-energy physics at Dubna Joint institute For Nuclear Research in former Soviet Union. After returning to China, he continued his research on high-energy physics at the Institute of Atomic Energy, CAS. In 1966 he was transferred to the Twenty-First Experimental Training Base of the Chinese People''s Liberation Army (PLA) to do research on radiochemistry diagnosis technology of nuclear tests. There he took quite a few positions successively including deputy director of a laboratory, director of a laboratory, vice commander of the base and commander of the base. Now he is research fellow and member of the Standing Committee of Science and Technology under PLA’s Headquarters of Equipment, vice director-general of China National Nuclear-physics Society, part-time professor of Beijing University, National Defense Science and Technology University as well as National University. In 1988 he was conferred military rank of major general and elected to academician of China Academy of Engineering in 1995.
Qian Shaojun played leading role successively in research projects including segregation law of radio-nuclide in nuclear explosion, determination of plutonium burning-up ratio, determination of lithium isotopes burning-up ratio in experimental h-bomb explosion, improvement of several testing techniques, compilation and review of nuclear data, which broadened the field of radiochemical diagnosis in nuclear tests and improved the testing precision. He also led more than one technical research project of underground nuclear test engineering and achieved breakthrough, which contributed to the establishment of underground nuclear test engineering technological system adapted to the geological condition of China’s testing ground
Chen Yuchuan
An expert on ore deposit geology, was born in Pinghu, Zhejiang on Oct. 7, 1934. In 1959 he graduated from Donetsk University of science and engineering of Ukraine, Soviet Union. Positions he took successively in China Academy of Geological Science (CAGS) including director of Institute of Geology, associate research fellow, director of Institute of Ore Deposit, research fellow and the head of CAGS. His other positions included the deputy director of Geology and Ore Department of China Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (CMGMR) as well as the director, managing vice director-general of China Geology Society, chief engineer of China Geology and Mineral Products Ministry (CMGMR), head of Geology Investigation Bureau of CMGMR, vice chairman of International Ore Deposit Contributing Factor Society. Now he works as research fellow and chief engineer for Ministry of Territorial Resources. In 1997 he was elected to be academician of China Academy of Engineering.
Chen Yuchuan has engaged himself over a long time in research on ore deposit geology, geochemistry, formation law of regional ore deposit, and ore deposit formation forecast as well as mineral prospecting. He made in-depth research on Dachang superized deposits of tin with multi metals of Guangxi Province as well as the geological condition of the ore band, which contributed not only to summarizing the law of mineral formation but also to finding deposits. He made in-depth research on the formation law of deposits and direction of searching for minerals in Ningwu, Lucong, Nanling, Aertai, Qinling Mountains and China as a whole and brought forward the deposits formation pattern of iron ore in Ningwu that founded the research field of regional ore deposit formation law in China. He systematically summarized the formation laws of nonferrous and rare mineral deposits and continental volcanic iron ore in granite areas of Southern China, which promoted the work of searching for minerals in areas of lava and granite nationwide. He brought forward a series of concepts about ore deposit formation together with other researchers including Cheng Yuqi, who developed the theory of regional ore deposit formation and has been widely used to guide mineral search. He was in charge of prospecting for solid minerals since the Sixth Five-Year Plan for Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and the whole nation’s prospecting for gold mine during the Seventh Five-Year Plan and made remarkable achievements.
Ge Changchun
Born in 1934 in Pinghu, is now working as professor guiding doctoral students in Beijing Science and Technology University. As an expert enjoying special allowance provided by the State Council, he was given titles including Expert Making Significant Contribution to the Nation and Advanced Science and Technological Worker of Universities and Colleges Nationwide. In 1952 he graduated from Metallurgy Engineering Department, Tangshan Northern Jiaotong University. From 1952 to 1980 he worked as deputy director of powder laboratory for China Institute of Metallurgy and Steel. In 1980 he went to Germany to make research on ceramics and powder metallurgy. In 1983 he got his doctor’s degree of materials technology science from Dresden Technology University. From 1984 till now he has been working for Beijing Science and Technology University.
He has been engaged over a long time in research on new materials and technology of powder metallurgy. He was the number one inventor of Manufacturing Technology of Beta Separating Film and contributed remarkably to China’s national defense.
Fei Weiyang
Fei Weiyang was born in Shanghai in 1939 with his ancestral home in Pinghu, Zhejiang. He graduated from Tsinghua University as an engineering chemistry major and is now a professor in the department of Chemical Engineering there. He’s also deputy director of the state level key laboratory for chemical engineering. In 2003, Fei Weiyang was enrolled in Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Professor Fei has devoted himself to the study and improvement of separation techniques in Chemical Engineering. He conducted a systemic study on the principles of liquid-liquid flow and mass transfer, improved the mathematical model for extraction. His significant achievement in studying the application of new stuffing materials on low interfacial tension extraction was awarded a third prize of State Awards for Scientific and Technological Advancements. Professor Fei also contributed significantly to the innovation of extraction facility reinforcement with three outstanding patent inventions. One of them, “ Mini Ring with Inner Arc Strips Packing” was awarded class-4 National Key Invention Prize, China Patent Invention Prize and Special Gold Medal in the 44th Eureka World Invention Fair held in Brussels. Professor Fei did a lot of work in applying theories innovatively to solve critical chemical engineering problems, and had won 12 prizes of ministry or province level for scientific and technological advancements.
Professor Fei Weiyang is devoted to the country, to science and to the education career. He has trained more than 30 postgraduates or doctoral candidates and published altogether over 170 papers in various science and technology periodicals and conferences. He has also written some books including “Liquid-liquid flow extraction process and facilities.” Moreover, he participated in the editing and translating of the Chemical Engineering Session in Encyclopedia of China and five other specialized reference books. Professor Fei has taken charge in numerous key projects of the National Natural Science Foundation and state key projects. He’s also member of the international committee of ISEC, associate Editor-in-Chief of the periodical Chemical Engineering and council member of China Industrial Ecology Association.
